ACTIVITY PROFILE BETWEEN WINNER AND LOSER SILAT OLAHRAGA IN WOMEN CLASS D SINGAPORE 28th SEA GAMES 2015 (SINGAPORE VS MALAYSIA)

ABSTRACT


The Malay martial art of pencak silat is an importance source of traditional acting technique. The reason for this review is to decide the silat diversion related statistic that separated between the winner and losing group in 28th Sea Games Singapore 2015. The purpose of this study is to investigate the winning and losing factors of Singapore and Malaysia team in Silat Olahraga during 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Pencak Silat Women’s Tanding class D 65kg category semifinals between Singapore vs Malaysia. Many techniques are used during this competition. For example punch, kick, topple, sweep, block and many more. These techniques has been chose to analyzed the performance of Women Singapore athlet. All the raw data collected from the match used the system produced by Shapie et al.,(2013). The notational analysis was used to record all the selected outcomes to compliment this study such as hit target, hit elsewhere and miss opponent indicators.

INTRODUCTION


Silat is a collective word for native’s martial arts that originates from Indonesia. It is traditionally practiced in Southern Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei, Philippines and also Malaysia. Silat is a combative art of Malay fighting arts. Silat can be divided into two categories which are Silat Seni and Silat Olahraga (Farrer, 2009). Since the beginning of the 18th century till today, many silat practitioners still involve themselves in the kickboxing or Muay Thai competition because the movements and principles are quite similar to silat. There are exist of fundamental charges, times for each match, target district to ambush the adversary and the scoring point for each of the range that attacked (Aziz, Tan, and Teh, 2002). In September 1979, Jakarta was the host of fourteenth SEA Games. At the point when the SEA amusements were held, Indonesian Pencak Silat Federation (IPSA) introduced Pencak Silat Olahraga (known as Silat Olahraga). They have been sorted out the guidelines since 1973. According to Wilson (2003), silat is a form several factors such as education from a tradition, a self-defense, a spiritual and ritual components and now its establish as a sport around the world. Pencak Silat brings to light very different subjectivities, inter-subjectivities, and ways of objectifying the body in regional- and national-level practice (Wilson, 2009). Silat is a term used to describe the martial art forms practiced throughout the Malay Archipelago. It is also a collective word for the native’s martial arts that begins from Indonesia. In Malay dictionary, silat can be defined as a combination if art and intelligence to perform attack and defense with a beautiful form. The combination of the words Pencak and Silat into a compound word was made for the first time when an organization of the unity of Pencak schools and Silat schools in Indonesia was founded in Surakarta in 1948, which called Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (The Indonesian Pencak Silat Association), abbreviated as IPSI (Kartomi, 2011).  Silat traditionally practiced in Southern Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei, Philippines and also Malaysia. It is widely implemented in the form of art and sports competitions. Silat is one of the sports included in the Southeast Asian Games (SEA Games) and other region-wide competitions. In Malaysia, silat is a combative art of Malay fighting arts. Silat is a fighting and survival art combination.. The other source that defines silat is from the word of kilat (lightning) (Shamsuddin, 2005). According to Aziz et al., (2002) pencak silat is divided by two categories which are silat olahraga and silat seni. In Silat Seni (artistic), the performer will give 3 minutes to perform an art or solo fighting. While in Silat Olahraga (contact), the motion can be characterized into 13 different of motion such as fake kick, fake punch, block and sweep, block and kick, block and punch, self-release, dodge, sweep, topple, catch, block, kick and punch (Shapie et al., 2013).
The uniqueness of Silat Olahraga is the rule. In the rule, there are exist of basic commands, time for each match, target area to attack the opponent, and the scoring point for each of the area that attacked. For the basic commands, the ‘wasit’ which is referee will issue the command 'Sedia', meaning 'ready'. Then, he will shout 'Mulai', meaning 'begin'. Immediately the 'gong' will be struck. When the wasit wants to stop the fight, he will shout 'Berhenti', meaning 'stop'. Every time the fighters step out of the ring, the wasit will stop the fight and bring the fighters back to the center. If a fighter repeatedly steps outside the ring, especially if stepping backwards, the wasit may issue a penalty point. If pesilat continues to do that he may be given 2 penalty points. If pesilat still continues to step out of the ring, the wasit may even decide to end the fight and proclaim pesilat opponent the winner. There are three rounds of fighting, 2 minutes for every round, with 1 minute rest between each round.

MATERIAL AND METHODS


The data has been collected based on 28th Sea Games Singapore women 65kg class D semifinals pencak silat tanding category between Singapore and Malaysia. The video was collected by using the YouTube Channel. The winning and losing participant will be identify and the game-related statistics were collected.
Every match consists of 3 rounds in total of fighting. 2 minutes for every round, with 1 minute rest interval between each round. The outcome used is hit target, hit elsewhere and miss opponent.
1.      Hit target will be counted if the kick and topple is made hit the body pad or target.
2.      Hit elsewhere if the kick and topple is made hit the other part of body that not hit the target or body pad.
3.      Miss opponent will be counted when the kick or topple is made did not hit the opponent.

MATCH ANALYSIS


The data has been collected based on 28th Sea Games Singapore 2015 women 65kg class D semifinals pencak silat tanding category between Singapore and Malaysia. Performance of the player was analyzed using a notational analysis which is all indicators were recorded manually through the video. The video were continual often to get the precise measurement of each winners and losers.

MOTION CATEGORIES


According to Shapie, M. M. et al. (2013), Silat indicators were coded into 14 different types of categories and were defined as follows:
1.      Punch:
According to Latiff, (2012) the straight-punch and uppercut are the best techniques in Silat. The punch ‘tumbuk’ attack is done by a hand with a closed fist hitting the target. In silat punching is often used to fight the opponent. It can be a straight punch ‘tumbuk lurus’ or uppercut ‘sauk’ to the exponent body’s.
2.      Kick:
The kick ‘tendang / terajang’ is an attacking movement which is performed with one leg or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any target. It can be front kick ‘tendang depan’, side-kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side kick ‘tendang lengkar’.
3.      Block:
The blocking movements begin with the posture position ‘sikap pasang’: the exponent stands straight with his hands around his body or close to his chest. Blocking or parrying ‘tangkisan’ can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the purpose to block off or striking back at any attack.
4.      Catch:
The catch ‘tangkapan’ is done by using the hand to obstruct the opponent from carrying out an attack. The silat exponent is able to prevent himself from being attacked by pointing the attack which he has caught to another direction. A catch which twists or drags the opponent is forbidden. Also, a catch which could break the part which is being held such as the leg and waist is also forbidden. These regulations exist to protect the silat exponent’s.
5.      Topple:
There are various ways of toppling down one’s opponent. For example, a silat exponent ‘pesilat’ can either push, shove the opponent’s back leg from the bag or from the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to make the opponent lose his balance. Every fall is considered valid as long as the silat exponent topples his opponent down without wrestling or he is able to overpower the opponent whom he has brought down.
6.      Sweep:
Swiping ‘sapuan’ involves attacking an opponent’s leg which is on the ground to unstabilise him and bring down to the ground. A silat exponent can perform this attacking movement either with his right or left leg, Hence, front sweep ‘sapuan depan’ is done by swinging the leg to the front to push an opponent’s front leg, while back sweep ‘sapuan belakang’ is carried out by swinging the leg backward to hit the back leg.
7.      Dodge:
The evade ‘elakan’ technique is carried out by silat exponent when he tries to evade an attack. This technique does not require the silat exponent to touch the opponent in fending off the attack. They are many ways of carrying out his defensive movement such as dodging ‘gelek’, retreat ‘mundur’, evasion to the side ‘elak sisi’, bending ‘elak serung’, jumping ‘lonjak’, ducking ‘susup’ and etc.
8.      Self-Release:
Self-release ‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a technique to unlock any clinch or catch from an opponent.
9.      Block and Punch:
The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using the hand to punch the opponent.
10.  Block and Kick:
The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using the leg to kick the opponent.
11.  Block and Sweep:
The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent.
12.  Fake Punch:
An action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake punch to break his opponent’s defensive posture.
13.  Fake Kick:
An action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake kick to break his opponent defensive posture.
14.  Others:
Both silat exponents are either in posture position ‘sikap pasang’ or coming close to each other using silat step pattern ‘pola langkah’. All the activities are considered high intensity except for others which at that time both silat exponents are in low intensity periods.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS


  The observation generated data will be frequency counted. Mean and standard deviation (SD) for all the marker has been computed to locate the measurable factors that separated winning and losing group. All the raw data collected from all matches use the system produced by Shapie, M. M. et al. (2013). Statistical analysis and result was calculated using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 20. Independent T-Test was used to determine the performance data between winner and loser. The video is notated at least two times, and the data will be taken more accurate and precise. The frequency was taken as data to be analyzed. The remark generated data will be regularity counted, and every round of data will be composed to be analyzed. All the raw data were exported into Microsoft Word and transferred into SPSS for further detailed analysis. Mean and standard deviation (SD) for all the markers has been computed to locate the measurable factors that separated winning and losing individual.

RESULT


1.      (Pencak Silat Women’s Tanding class D 65kg category semifinals)
Singapore vs Malaysia (Singapore Lose)
Action
Outcome
Hit elsewhere
Hit Target
Miss Opponent
Total
Block


4
4
Block and Kick
1
5
1
7
Block and Punch
4
4

8
Block and Sweep


2
2
Kick
1
16
3
20
Fake kick



2
Punch
2
17

19
Fake punch

2

2
Self-release

1

1
Topple

2
7
9
Sweep


1
1
Catch


1
1
Dodge
1


1
Others



0
Total
9
47
19
75

Frequency Profile
SWEEP
MALAYSIA
0
16
13
6
35
SINGAPORE
1
4
6
3
14
TOTAL
1
20
19
9
49






DISCUSSION


Pencak Silat is a popular Asian martial art. This game is exceptionally intriguing in light of the fact that it includes an ability that was a mix of hand to hand fighting aptitudes, battling, and self-protection. The examination past is states that silat competitors tought to be extraordinary in both kicking and punching yet punching recurrence is lower than a kicking (Shapie et al., 2013). However, silat competitors should create punching ability speedier and precise in light of the fact that punching is the high rate effective of hitting target contrast with kicking expertise in rivalry (Shapie et al., 2013).
The match of Singapore vs Malaysia class D 65kg category which Singapore lose this match, what can I observed from the video is Malaysia do more attacking than Singapore. As we can see from the result, Singapore makes only 6 times punch hit target, 4 times kick hit target and 3 times topple toward her opponent. As we can see the sample paired test at the table above show, there are totally different between winning and losing. This observation for the loser while for the winner is Malaysia make more attacking during match. Singapore gives more opportunity to Malaysia to make more attacking during match. In first round, Malaysia do 5 times strike kicking towards Singapore and it show that Singapore slower than Malaysia in make movement and attack towards her opponent and also not even once give an opportunity towards Singapore to make some movement. Malaysia makes 13 times punch hit target and 16 times kick hit target and 6 times topple towards her opponent for the whole match.

CONCLUSION


Based on the previous study, punch hit target, kick hit target, sweep and topple skill was mostly used for winning and losing team. The current study has provided a great understanding of the information for the activity profile of silat by looking at the activity involved in competition. Both of the exponents performed more high intensity actions than low intensity actions.
Based on the observation, Siti Rahmah Mohammed Nasir from the Malaysia team used a lot of technique or skill that involve the higher point such as topple, punch, sweep and kick. Nurul Suhaila Mohammed Saiful from the Singapore team should improve her skill especially on punch, kick  and sweep. Based on the observation, her weakness had lack of speed and power on kicking, punching, topple down and sweep. She should improve their fitness level especially on speed and power to make better movement and very fast during match. If Singapore team is able to increase the effectiveness of mass of their training skills, they will produce a great momentum of their skills during competition.
This sport expose very well in Malaysia and many folks want to involve this sport. This sport involves high intensity in fitness level especially in speed and power. All the competitor should improve and develop more fitness level especially in speed and power if want to be more expert athlete in pencak.

RECOMMENDATION


            Based on the result, the main factor of Siti Rahmah from Malaysia to win the match are punching hit target and kick hit target, because she given opportunity by Siti Suhaila from Sinapore to punch and kick her as much as she can to get one point for one punch and kick. Singapore need to improve their defensive skills to avoid for the opponent easily get the point from them. Based on the result, I recommended that both attacking and defensive skills should be balanced in their training programs. Attacks must be hit target to get the points, but at the same time they have to increase their blocking in order to avoid the opponents to get their points. Coaches must plays the important role and consider these things. Meanwhile, the participant should reduce the punch hit elsewhere because no point given for that punch. Topple that hit the target is so important because it gives extra points. The skills development for both attacking and blocking need to precise at time to time based on training programs periodization. So, Siti Suhaila Mohammed Saiful must keep improve their defensive and attacking skill. In addition, she need experienced coaches from other countries to improve their tactical game which is opponent easily predicted the move of her tactical game.

REFERENCES


M. M. Shapie, J. Oliver, P. O’Donoghue, & R. Tong. (2013). Activity profile during action time      in national silat competition. Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts., 1(2), 81-86.

N. Shapie, J. Oliver, P. O'Donoghue, & R. Tong. (2013). Activity profile during action time in national silat competition. Journal of Combat Sport and Martial Arts, 4(1), 81-85.

Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat Tanding  SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved at December 4, 2017 from

Aziz, A. R., Tan, B., & Teh, K. C. (2002). Physiological responses during matches and profile of elite pencak silat exponents. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 1, 147-155.

Kartomi, M. (2011). Traditional and modern forms of pencak silat in indonesia: The suku mamak in riau. Musicology Australia, 33(1), 47-68. doi: 10.1080/08145857.2011.580716

Seneviratne, P. (1993). Golden moments: The sea games 1959-1991: P. Seneviratne.

Shamsuddin, S. (2005). The malay art of self-defense: Silat seni gayong: North Atlantic Books.

Wilson, I. D. (2003). The politics of inner power: The practice of pencak silat in west java. Murdoch University.   

Wilson, L. (2009). Jurus, jazz riffs and the constitution of a national martial art in indonesia. Body & Society, 15(3), 93-119. doi: 10.1177/1357034X09339103





APPENDIX

Singapore vs Malaysia (Singapore Lose). Siti Suhaila Mohammed Saiful  (SIN) vs Siti Rahmah Mohamed Nasir (MAS)
Statistics
MALAYSIA
N
Valid
37
Missing
0
Mean
1.9189
Std. Error of Mean
.17058
Std. Deviation
1.03758


Statistics
SINGAPORE
N
Valid
14
Missing
23
Mean
2.21
Std. Error of Mean
.300
Std. Deviation
1.122












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